| Information | |
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| has gloss | (noun) an antibiotic produced by a soil bacterium; used chiefly as an antiseptic in treating local infections produced by Gram-positive bacteria gramicidin |
| has gloss | eng: Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of six antibiotic compounds, Gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14% respectively, all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively Gramicidin D. Gramicidin D are linear pentadecapeptides; that is chains made up of 15 amino acids. This is in contrast to Gramicidin S which is a cyclic peptide chain. Gramicidin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, except for the Gram-positive bacilli, and against select Gram-negative organisms, such as Neisseria bacteria. Its therapeutic use is limited to topical application as it induces hemolysis in lower concentrations than bacteria cell death, thus cannot be administered internally. The exterior epidermis is composed of dead cells, thus applying it to the surface of the skin will not cause harm. |
| lexicalization | eng: gramicidin |
| subclass of | (noun) a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections; "when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs" antibiotic drug, antibiotic |
| subclass of | (noun) a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues antiseptic |
| Meaning | |
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| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Gramicidine sind Peptid-Antibiotika aus dem Bakterium Bacillus brevis. Aus dem grampositiven Bodenbakterium lassen sich zwei strukturell und funktionell verschiedene Gramicidine isolieren: Gramicidin D (nach dem Entdecker Dubos) und Gramicidin S (nach dem Land des Entdeckers Sowjetunion). |
| lexicalization | deu: Gramicidin |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Gramisidiini on antibioottisten aineiden seos, jonka muodostavat gramisidiinit A (80 %), B (6 %) ja C(14 %). Kaikkia gramisidiineihin kuuluvia antibiootteja tuottaa Bacillus brevis -bakteeri. Gramisidiineja A - C kutsutaan yhteisnimellä gramisidiini D, ja ne ovat lineaarisia pentadekapeptidejä, joiden ketjut muodostuvat 15 aminohaposta. Gramisidiini S on taas rengasmainen peptidiketju. Gramisidiini on myrkyllistä grampositiivisille bakteereille (lukuun ottamatta grampositiivisia basilleja) sekä joillekin gramnegatiivisille bakteereille (esim. Neisseria). Gramisidiinin lääkinnällinen käyttö on rajoittunutta, koska se saa aikaan hemolyysin matalissa pitoisuuksissa, joissa se ei vielä tuhoa bakteereita. Tämän vuoksi gramisidiineja ei voi käyttää sisäisesti. Ulkoisesti gramisidiineja voi käyttää. Gramisidiinia käytetään ensisijaisesti paikallisena antibioottina. Gramisidiini on ensimmäisiä kaupallisia antibiootteja. Gramisidiiniseosta on testattu myös sian siittiötestillä, ja se on osoittautunut erittäin solumyrkylliseksi. |
| lexicalization | fin: gramisidiini |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: La gramicidina è uno ionoforo a canale formato da un peptide lineare di 15 residui prodotto dal Bacillus brevis. |
| lexicalization | ita: Gramicidina |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: グラミシジン (gramicidin) は土壌細菌のバシラス属が生産するペプチド性猛毒。摂取するとイオンが細胞膜を通過できるようにしてしまう（イオノフォア）。イオンは、水素イオン・リチウムイオン・ナトリウムイオン・カリウムイオンなどの1価カチオンである。神経・脳、心臓、肺などでナトリウムイオンやカリウムイオンのバランスを崩し、呼吸困難や心臓発作などを起こす。また、グラミシジンは細胞内のタンパク質の製造を停止させ、生命維持が困難になり最悪の場合死に至る。致死量は体重1キログラムあたり15ミリグラムから17ミリグラム。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: グラミシジン |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Gramicydyna jest heterogeniczną mieszaniną sześciu antybiotyków peptydowych zbliżonych do bacitracyny. Jest stosowana tylko miejscowo, ze względu na dużą toksyczność. Jest jednym z nielicznych peptydów kodowanych nie przez kwasy nukleinowe, a przez kompleksy białek enzymatycznych. |
| lexicalization | pol: Gramicydyna |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Грамицидин — гетерогенная смесь пептидных антибиотиков, продуцируемых бактерией Bacillus brevis. Соотношение компонентов, грамицидина A, B, CD,D и С(S)), зависит от штамма микроорганизма. Грамицидины A, B, CD и D представляют собой линейные пептиды, в то время как грамицидин С — циклический декапептид. |
| lexicalization | rus: грамицидин |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: Gramicidin är ett antibiotikum som ingår i Bafucin sugtablett mot ont i halsen. Det är en blandning av flera liknande peptider, och framställs av jordbakterien Bacillus brevis. En blandning av gramicidiner och tyrocidiner framställdes av den fransk-amerikanske mikrobiologen René Dubos 1939. Blandningen var det första kommersiellt framställda antibiotikumet. |
| lexicalization | swe: Gramicidin |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Gramisidin, altı antibiyotikten oluşan bir antibiyotik karışımıdır. Toprakta bulunan Bacillus brevis bakterisinden elde edilirler. Bunlar Gramisidin A, B ve C kategorilerine ayrılırlar ve toplu olarak Gramisidin D olarak adlandırılırlar. Gramisidin Dler doğrusal pentadekapeptitlerdir, yani 15 amino asitten oluşan polipeptitlerdir. Buna karşın Gramisidin S, siklik (halkalı) bir peptit zinciridir. Özellikle Gram-pozitif bakterilere karşı çok etkilidir, ama bakterilerin ölümüne yol açtığı konsantrasyonun altında hemolize yol açtığı için dahili olarak kullanılmaz. Başlıca yüzeyel antibiyotik olarak kullanılır, neosporinda bulunan üç ana bileşeninden biridir. 1939da ABDli mikrobiyolog René Dubos tirotrisini izole etmiş, daha sonra onun %20 oranında gramisidin ve %80 oranında tirosidin'den oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Bunlar ticari olarak imal edilen ilk antibiyotikler olmuştur. |
| lexicalization | tur: Gramisidin |
| Links | |
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| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| similar | e/Gramicidin |
| Media | |
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| media:img | 1GRM.gif |
| media:img | Gramicidin A.gif |
| media:img | Gramicidin.gif |
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