e/Naila (Calipha)

Information
has gloss	eng: Naila was the wife of Uthman, the third Caliph of the Islamic Empire. She was born into a Christian family in Kufa but was converted to Islam by Aisha. In 28 AH (649 CE), she married Uthman, who had succeeded to the Caliphate in 644. In 656, after growing discontent with his rule, rebels besieged Uthman in his palace in Medina. Ali ibn abu Talib had earlier rescued Uthman from similar situation on his promise to address complaints made by public. Marwan, however manipulated the situation and thwarted Uthman from correcting the wrong doings. The Caliph, now about 75 years old, this time pleaded for help from his governors but no help arrived in time. After 49 days, the rebels broke in with the intention of killing Uthman. Naila attempted to save her husband, but in raising her left hand to stop a sword falling on him, merely had her fingers cut off. Uthman was murdered as he read the Qur'an, supposedly while reading the verse (2:137) "And Allah will suffice you for defense against them. He is the Hearer, the Knower." He was succeeded as Caliph by Ali ibn abu Talib.
lexicalization	eng: Naila
instance of	(noun) the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth; "many radical Muslims believe a Khalifah will unite all Islamic lands and people and subjugate the rest of the world" kaliph, calif, khalif, caliph, khalifah, kalif

Meaning
Arabic
has gloss	ara: نائلة بنت الفرافصة بن الأحوص بن عمرو بن ثعلبة بن الحارث الكلبي، هي زوجة الصحابي عثمان بن عفان, ولدت من عائلة مسيحية في الكوفة, واعتنقت الإسلام لاحقًا على يد عائشة بنت أبي بكر زوجة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم, في العام 28 للهجرة, تزوجت من عثمان بن عفان.
lexicalization	ara: نائلة بنت الفرافصة