| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) gossip (usually a mixture of truth and untruth) passed around by word of mouth rumour, hearsay, rumor |
| has gloss | eng: A rumor or rumour (see spelling differences), is often viewed as "an unverified account or explanation of events circulating from person to person and pertaining to an object, event, or issue in public concern" (33) However, a review of the research on rumor conducted by Pendleton in 1998 found that research across sociology, psychology, and communication studies had widely varying definitions of rumor. Thus, rumor is a concept that lacks a particular definition in the social sciences. But most theories agree that rumor involves some kind of a statement whose veracity is not quickly or ever confirmed. In addition, some scholars have identified rumor as a subset of propaganda, the latter another notoriously difficult concept to define. A pioneer of propaganda studies, Harold Lasswell defined propaganda in 1927 as referring "solely to the control of opinion by significant symbols, or, to speak more concretely and less accurately, by stories, rumors, reports, pictures, and other forms of social communication" (1927:9). |
| lexicalization | eng: hearsay |
| lexicalization | eng: rumor |
| lexicalization | eng: rumour |
| subclass of | (noun) a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people; "the divorce caused much gossip" scuttlebutt, comment, gossip |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Bengali | |
| lexicalization | ben: গুজব |
| Catalan | |
| lexicalization | cat: rumor |
| lexicalization | cat: xafarderia |
| Czech | |
| lexicalization | ces: fáma |
| lexicalization | ces: klepy |
| lexicalization | ces: pověst |
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| lexicalization | ces: zvěst |
| lexicalization | ces: šeptanda |
| lexicalization | ces: historka |
| Church Slavic | |
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| lexicalization | chu: говоръ |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexicalization | cmn: dào tīng tú shuo |
| lexicalization | cmn: 道听途说 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 道聽途說 |
| lexicalization | cmn: chuán yan |
| lexicalization | cmn: 传言 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 傳言 |
| lexicalization | cmn: liú yan |
| lexicalization | cmn: 流言 |
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| lexicalization | cmn: chuán wen |
| lexicalization | cmn: yáo chuan |
| lexicalization | cmn: yáo yan |
| lexicalization | cmn: 传闻 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 傳聞 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 謠傳 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 謠言 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 谣传 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 谣言 |
| lexicalization | cmn: fēng sheng |
| lexicalization | cmn: 風聲 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 风声 |
| lexicalization | cmn: yao |
| lexicalization | cmn: 謠 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 谣 |
| Crimean Tatar | |
| lexicalization | crh: öşek |
| Welsh | |
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| lexicalization | cym: si |
| lexicalization | cym: sibrwd |
| Danish | |
| has gloss | dan: Et rygte er en meddelse der giver sig udfor at være en nyhed eller oplysning, men som er delvis opdigtet, og som hurtigt spredes fra person til person. Den der starter et sådan rygte kaldes for en rygtesmed. |
| lexicalization | dan: rygte |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Ein Gerücht (griech. pheme bzw. phama; lat. fama ) ist eine unverbürgte Nachricht, die stets von allgemeinen bzw. öffentlichen Interesse ist, sich diffus und zumeist mündlich verbreitet und deren Inhalt mehr oder weniger starken Veränderungen unterliegt. In dieser allgemeinen Bedeutung wird der Begriff gelegentlich mit „Klatsch“ und „moderne Sage“, im Fall der Skepsis oder nachgewiesenen Unwahrheit auch mit „Legende“ oder „Märchen“ synonym verwendet. Im engeren Sinne des Begriffs werden bei einem Gerücht - anders als beim Klatsch - die erzählten Ereignisse in der Regel nicht einzelnen Personen zugeschrieben; bei der modernen Sage sind demgegenüber konkrete Personen zwar vorhanden, werden aber namentlich nicht erwähnt. |
| lexicalization | deu: Klatsch |
| lexicalization | deu: Gerücht |
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| lexicalization | deu: Hörensagen |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| lexicalization | ell: φήμη |
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| lexicalization | ell: διαδόσεις |
| lexicalization | ell: φήμες |
| Esperanto | |
| lexicalization | epo: onidiro |
| lexicalization | epo: famo |
| lexicalization | epo: klaĉo |
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| lexicalization | epo: klaĉaĵo |
| Basque | |
| lexicalization | eus: zurrumurru |
| Persian | |
| lexicalization | fas: شایعه |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Huhu on tieto tai uutinen, jolla ei ole luotettavaa lähdettä. Huhut saavat usein alkunsa väärinkäsityksestä tai tiedon puutteesta. Toisinaan huhua voi verrata myös valheeseen, jos sillä ei ole todellista alkuperää. Huhulla voi olla todellinen alkuperä, jonka osuus on huhun levitessä vähentynyt. |
| lexicalization | fin: juoru |
| lexicalization | fin: Huhu |
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| lexicalization | fin: huhupuhe |
| lexicalization | fin: kuulopuhe |
| lexicalization | fin: huhu |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Le mot rumeur a deux acceptions: *Un bruit informel, persistant et sans source déterminée (rumeur de la foule, du corps, de la mer); *Un phénomène de transmission large dune histoire à prétention de vérité et de révélation par tout moyen de communication formel ou informel. Ce second sens, discuté ici, recouvre des réalités très diverses : * les fausses informations, erreurs journalistiques et manœuvres de désinformation, pourvu quelles soient révélées a posteriori et fassent controverse ; * les préjugés, quand ils sont racontés et non seulement assénés — cest pourquoi on a pu parler en particulier des Protocoles des Sages de Sion comme dune « rumeur » antisémite ; * la propagande, quand elle prend appui sur des histoires de vie, des cas exemplaires, des théories globales ; * le canular, quand il nest pas encore révélé — ainsi certains auteurs parlent-il de lémission radiodiffusée en 1938 dOrson Welles sur la « Guerre des mondes » comme dune rumeur ; * certaines formes de théorie du complot, quand la narration importe davantage que la révélation ; * la légende contemporaine ou légende urbaine, quand elle perd son côté purement anecdotique et se trouve au centre de controverses, en... |
| lexicalization | fra: rumeur |
| lexicalization | fra: commérage |
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| lexicalization | fra: cancan |
| Galician | |
| has gloss | glg: Os termos dixomedíxome, ruxerruxe ou rumor refírense a unha noticia vaga baseada en especulacións non confirmadas que se dan por certas cun obxectivo determinado e que condicionan o comportamento dos demais cara a el por enriba da información obxectiva. Ao non se tratar de información contrastada, rara vez se difunde de forma aberta ou oficial, aínda que isto non impide que se estenda de forma rápida. A forma tradicional e máis usada de estender un rumor foi sempre o "boca a boca" pero coa aparición da internet, a sociedade comezou a tirar proveito do anonimato que dá este medio para estender todo tipo de ruxerruxes. Así, son moi comúns nos ámbitos da prensa rosa ou nos prognósticos políticos, espallándose con enorme eficiencia e fornecendo unha información social grazas ao seu enorme potencial manipulador. |
| lexicalization | glg: ruxerruxe |
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| lexicalization | glg: chintófano |
| Serbo-Croatian | |
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| lexicalization | hbs: glasina |
| lexicalization | hbs: гласина |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: שמועה הינה ידיעה לא מאומתת, המועברת באופן לא-פורמלי בתחומי חברה מסוימת. שמועה נוצרת כאשר לא קיימת מערכת תקשורת מדויקת, מלאה או אמינה מספיק בנוגע למידע המועבר. |
| lexicalization | heb: רכילות |
| lexicalization | heb: שמועה |
| Hiligaynon | |
| lexicalization | hil: bati-bati |
| Hindi | |
| lexicalization | hin: aPavAha |
| Croatian | |
| has gloss | hrv: Glasina je neprovjerena vijest, informacija ili poruka koja se širi uglavnom usmeno i koja se tijekom vremena mjenja na karakterističan način. Glasina je tobože istinita informacija koja se usmeno širi, a čiju istinitost nije moguće neposredno provjeriti. |
| lexicalization | hrv: Glasina |
| lexicalization | hrv: Glasine |
| lexicalization | hrv: prepričavanje |
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| lexicalization | hrv: rekla-kazala |
| Hungarian | |
| lexicalization | hun: hallomás |
| Armenian | |
| lexicalization | hye: բամբասանք |
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| lexicalization | hye: խոսք ու զրույց |
| Indonesian | |
| has gloss | ind: Gosip atau desas-desus (Inggris: rumors) adalah selenting berita yang tersebar luas dan sekaligus menjadi rahasia umum di publik tetapi kebenarannya diragukan atau merupakan berita negatif. |
| lexicalization | ind: gosip |
| lexicalization | ind: Gosip |
| lexicalization | ind: kabar angin |
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| lexicalization | ind: desas desus |
| Icelandic | |
| lexicalization | isl: slúður |
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| lexicalization | isl: afspurn |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: La parola latina rumor (scritta rumour in inglese britannico) indica, nella comunicazione pubblica prevalentemente economica ma anche politica e culturale, una notizia, presumibilmente vera, che circola senza però essere stata confermata o resa evidente. Equivalenti italiani del termine possono essere le parole indiscrezione o pettegolezzo. Probabilmente, l'utilizzo del termine (attraverso la comunicazione pubblica-economica etc.) ha avuto inizio con il muoversi di indiscrezioni sulla produzione di software o hadware della casa produttrice Apple (Cupertino CA. USA). |
| lexicalization | ita: pettegolezzo |
| lexicalization | ita: rumor |
| lexicalization | ita: diceria |
| lexicalization | ita: sentore |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 噂（うわさ）とは、その内容が事実であるかどうかを問わず、世間で言い交わされている話の事。類義語として飛語（蜚語）・ゴシップ・デマ・流言などがあり、それぞれ下項で紹介する。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 噂 |
| lexicalization | jpn: うわさ |
| Kannada | |
| has gloss | kan: ಗಾಳಿ ಮಾತು ಯಾವುದೇ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಆಗುಹೋಗುವಿಕೆ, ವಸ್ತು ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ವಿಷಯಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮನುಷ್ಯನಿಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯನಿಗೆ ಹರಡುವ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿತವಾಗಬಲ್ಲದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ. |
| lexicalization | kan: ಗಾಳಿ ಮಾತು |
| Georgian | |
| lexicalization | kat: ჭორაობა |
| Korean | |
| lexicalization | kor: 소문 |
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| lexicalization | kor: 所聞 |
| Latin | |
| lexicalization | lat: fama |
| lexicalization | lat: rumor |
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| lexicalization | lat: auditio |
| lexicalization | lat: ventus |
| Latvian | |
| has gloss | lav: Baumas jeb tenkas ir galvenokārt verbālā informācija, kura ir daļēji patiesa vai pilnīgi nepatiesa, un tā tiek nodota tālāk no vienas personas otrai. Bieži vien katrā informācijas nodošanas laikā tā tiek izmainīta vai sagrozīta pavisam savādāk. |
| lexicalization | lav: Baumas |
| lexicalization | lav: baumas |
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| lexicalization | lav: bauma |
| Lithuanian | |
| lexicalization | lit: gandas |
| Macedonian | |
| lexicalization | mkd: гласина |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Een gerucht is een verhaal dat de ronde doet, maar waarvan de waarheid niet vast staat. De informatie in een gerucht kan variëren tussen een roddel, maar het kan ook gerichte propaganda bevatten. |
| lexicalization | nld: gerucht |
| lexicalization | nld: roddel |
| lexicalization | nld: befaamdheid |
| lexicalization | nld: mare |
| lexicalization | nld: geruchten |
| lexicalization | nld: faam |
| lexicalization | nld: quatsch |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| lexicalization | nob: sladder |
| Polish | |
| lexicalization | pol: plotka |
| lexicalization | pol: pogłoska |
| Portuguese | |
| lexicalization | por: fofoca |
| lexicalization | por: boato |
| lexicalization | por: fama |
| lexicalization | por: renome |
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| lexicalization | por: diz-que-diz-que |
| lexicalization | por: rumor |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Слух — неподтверждённая информация, источник которой неизвестен, но при этом достаточно интересная, чтобы быть активно распространяемой. |
| lexicalization | rus: слух |
| lexicalization | rus: чуткая |
| Slovak | |
| has gloss | slk: Povesť je nie veľmi dlhý žáner prozaickej epiky, ktorý spravidla spracúva historickú tematiku voľne, v rozpore s historickou skutočnosťou, s pútavým dejom. V súčasnosti je termín takmer výlučne vyhradený pre oblasť ľudovej slovesnosti. V minulosti sa ako "prostonárodná povesť" označovala ľudová rozprávka. |
| lexicalization | slk: Povesť |
| lexicalization | slk: chýry |
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| lexicalization | slk: rozchýriť |
| lexicalization | slk: počutie |
| Castilian | |
| lexicalization | spa: rumor |
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| lexicalization | spa: habladuría |
| lexicalization | spa: cotilleo |
| lexicalization | spa: chisme |
| lexicalization | spa: rumores |
| lexicalization | spa: pruebas de oídas |
| Serbian | |
| has gloss | srp: Гласине су алармантне информације, полуистине или потпуно лажне вести. Гласине обично настају у ситуацијама кризе, конфузије и неизвесности. У извесним посебним друштвеним стањима (рат, побуна, тоталитарни режим и сл.), гласине се намерно производе и шире са одређеним циљем. У току процеса ширења првобитна верзија гласина се мења, деформише и обогаћује новим садржајем у складу са жељама, очекивањима и потребама оних који је преносе. |
| lexicalization | srp: Гласине |
| Spanish Sign Language | |
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| lexicalization | ssp: s:chömemulqgye |
| Swedish | |
| lexicalization | swe: skvaller |
| lexicalization | swe: rykte |
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| lexicalization | swe: hörsägen |
| Telugu | |
| lexicalization | tel: గాలి కబుర్లు |
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| lexicalization | tel: పుకారు |
| Thai | |
| lexicalization | tha: ข่าวเล่าลือ |
| lexicalization | tha: เรื่องโจษจัน |
| lexicalization | tha: ข่าวลือ |
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| lexicalization | tha: เรื่องที่ได้ยินได้ฟังมา |
| Turkish | |
| lexicalization | tur: dedikodu |
| lexicalization | tur: söylenti |
| lexicalization | tur: rivayet |
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| lexicalization | tur: kulaktan dolma bilgi |
| Ukrainian | |
| has gloss | ukr: Чутка — повідомлення, що надходить від однієї чи більше осіб, про нічим не підтверджені події. |
| lexicalization | ukr: чутка |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ukr: поговір |
| lexicalization | ukr: поголоска |
| lexicalization | ukr: поголос |
| lexicalization | ukr: слух |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 一般的看法，會認為谣言是一种据称是真实但缺少证据的信息，不過，根據學者Peterson和Gist(1951)的看法，謠言也可能是針對公眾所關心的事物，所提出的一種未經證實的解釋或理由。進一步來說，謠言的講談是社會交換市場中，也許廉價，但卻珍貴的商品（Rosnow and Fine, 1976, p. 1）。換言之，謠言牽涉到的是未經可靠來源證實的訊息，但我們可以更精確的說，是一種人與人之間，口耳相傳，但缺乏可靠證據支持的陳述或信念（Allport and Postman, 1947, p.ix）。謠言的傳布最初僅能以口口相传流传，互联网兴起后，电子邮件和网志等成了谣言最佳的流行平台。 谣言的真实性 谣言的真实性往往值得商榷，有的谣言一开始就是彻头彻尾谎言。也有原本是真实的事物，但由于在众人口中相传，偏离了最初的版本，变成不真实的谣言。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 谣言 |
| Links | |
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| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| similar | e/Rumor |
| Media | |
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| media:img | Caution1923 NeverSpreadFalseRumors.jpg |
| media:img | Honoré Daumier 003.jpg |
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