| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream nightmare |
| has gloss | eng: A nightmare is a dream that causes strong emotional responses from the sleeper, typically fear/horror. The dream may contain situation(s) of danger, discomfort, or psychological or physical distress. Sufferers are usually woken in a state of distress, and might be unable to go back to sleep for a prolonged period. |
| has gloss | eng: The term nightmare refers to very powerful dreams that the sleeper finds disturbing. They usually have either physiological causes, such as a high fever, or psychological ones, such as trauma or stress in the sleeper's life. Nightmares are common, but nightmares that happen very often can cause problems with sleep. They may cause people to get medical help. |
| lexicalization | eng: nightmare |
| subclass of | (noun) a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night" dreaming, dream |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | |
| has gloss | aii: ܟܒܘܫܐ ܐܘ ܢܠܐ ܐܘ ܢܐܠܐ ܐܘ ܕܘܚܩܐ ܐܘ ܪܒܘܨܐ ܐܘ ܡܦܠܫܢܐ ܗܘ ܕܛܪܐ ܥܠ ܐܢܫ ܟܕ ܕܡܝܟ ܕܡܪܓܫ ܐܟܡܢ ܕܡܬܚܢܩ ܘܡܬܛܪܦ ܘܡܬܬܥܝܪ ܒܐܢܘܣܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܦܐ܀ |
| lexicalization | aii: ܟܒܘܫܐ |
| Old English (ca. 450-1100) | |
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| lexicalization | ang: ælfadl |
| Arabic | |
| has gloss | ara: الكابوس هو حلم يشعر النائم من خلاله بالخوف والذعر. في أغلب الأحيان يستطيع النائم تذكر مشاهد الكابوس الذي أخافه. تحدث الكوابيس خلال فترات التوتر الشديد والإرهاق أو اظطرابات في النوم. تبدو بعض الكوابيس حقيقية بالنسبة للأطفال حتى بعد استيقاظهم من النوم. |
| lexicalization | ara: كابوس |
| Asturian | |
| has gloss | ast: La velea o pesadiella ye un suañu asoliviáu ya testerón, davezu con atracuñu del pechu y abegosidá palendar. Les velees danse xeneralmente en periodos del suañu con movimientu entaináu de los güeyos, (MOR por Movimientu Ocular Rápidu; y REM ninglés por Rapid Eye movement) |
| lexicalization | ast: velea |
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| lexicalization | ast: pesadiella |
| Bosnian | |
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| lexicalization | bos: košmar |
| lexicalization | bos: noćna mora |
| Breton | |
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| lexicalization | bre: gwallhuñvre |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: El malson és un somni angoixant i tenaç, freqüentment amb opressió del pit i dificultat de respirar (veure paràlisi del somni). Els malsons no tenen lloc durant períodes de somni amb moviments oculars ràpids (lanomenada fase MOR, també anomenada fase o somni REM, de langlès "Rapid Eye Movement"). |
| lexicalization | cat: malson |
| Czech | |
| has gloss | ces: Noční můra se nazývá zlý sen, který sužuje spícího během noci. V lidové tradici ji zpodobňuje přízrak, který sedne spáčovi na hruď a ztěžuje mu tak spánek. |
| lexicalization | ces: Noční můra |
| lexicalization | ces: noční můra |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
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| lexicalization | cmn: 噩夢 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 噩梦 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 恶梦 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 惡夢 |
| Welsh | |
| has gloss | cym: Breuddwyd annymunol yw hunllef. Mae hunllefau yn achosi ymateb emosiynol cryf gan y cwsgwr, yn enwedig ofn a dychryn neu arswyd. Yn eu cwsg, gall pobl brofi sefyllfa o berygl eithriadol, teimlo poen, neu fod mewn sefyllfa annymunol fel syrthio, boddi, trais, colli rhywun agos neu rywbeth gwerthfawr, cwrdd angenfilod neu ellyllon, cael ei ladd, bod yn gaeth a methu dianc a bod mewn perygl am eu bywyd. Yr esboniad traddodiadol am freuddwydion fel hyn oedd bod y cwsgwr yng ngafael rhyw ellyll neui gilydd. Heddiw mae meddygon a seicolegwyr yn dangos bod gan hunllefau achosion corfforol fel dioddef twymyn uchel neu gysgu gydar wyneb i lawr ar y clustog, neu rai seicolegol fel trawma seicolegol neu straen syn dod ir amlwg ym meddwl y cysgwr, ond weithiau does dim rheswm amlwg chwaith. Gall profiad annymunol neu eiliad o ofn a brofwyd yn effro ddod yn ôl i aflonyddur meddwl pan fo rhywun yn breuddwydio; felly mae cyn-filwyr weithiaun cael hunllefau am ymladd neu nae rhywun a fu mewn damwain yn ailfyw hynny fel hunllef. |
| lexicalization | cym: hunllef |
| Danish | |
| has gloss | dan: Mareridt er ubehagelige, uhyggelige og angstvækkende drømme. Ordet kommer fra fabelvæsnet Mare, som ridder på dem, der sover. |
| lexicalization | dan: mareridt |
| lexicalization | dan: Mareridt |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Ein Albtraum oder Alptraum, veraltet Nachtmahr oder auch Nachtschaden, ist ein Traum, der von Emotionen wie Angst und Panik beim Träumenden begleitet wird. Der Traum kann dabei bedrohliche, aber durchaus auch banale Situationen enthalten. Albträume gehören zu den nichtorganischen Schlafstörungen. |
| lexicalization | deu: Albtraum |
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| lexicalization | deu: Alpdruck |
| Lower Sorbian | |
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| lexicalization | dsb: mórawa |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| has gloss | ell: Ο όρος Εφιάλτης χρησιμοποιείται για να περιγράψει ένα όνειρο που προκαλεί μια δυνατή δυσάρεστη αισθηματική αντίδραση σε αυτόν που το βιώνει. Η αντίδραση συνήθως είναι φόβος ή τρόμος, προκαλεί ακόμα και αισθήματα πόνου, πνιγμού και θανάτου, ενώ πολλές φορές δημιουργεί την αίσθηση ότι κάποιος πέφτει από μεγάλο υψόμετρο. Τέτοια όνειρα οφείλονται σε σωματικές διαταραχές όπως υψηλό πυρετό, ή και σε ψυχολογικές διαταραχές όπως ψυχολογικό τραύμα και άγχος, ωστόσο τις περισσότερες φορές η εμφάνιση τους δεν έχει κάποια φανερή αιτία. Αν κάποιο άτομο έχει βιώσει μια ψυχολογικά τραυματική εμπειρία στη ζωή του, για παράδειγμα, εάν έχει βασανιστεί σωματικά τότε αυτή η εμπειρία θα επανέλθει στα όνειρά του προκαλώντας εφιάλτη. Αυτοί που βιώνουν ένα εφιάλτη συνήθως ξυπνούν με αίσθημα έντονου άγχους και είναι δύσκολο να πάνε για ύπνο για πολλή ώρα. |
| lexicalization | ell: εφιάλτης |
| lexicalization | ell: Εφιάλτης |
| Esperanto | |
| has gloss | epo: Koŝmaro (aŭ inkubo, premsonĝo) estas timiga sonĝo. Kutime ĝi estadas dum periodo de dormo kun rapidaj movoj de okuloj. Ankaŭ pro koŝmaro korpo de la ulo povas moviĝi. |
| lexicalization | epo: Premsonĝo |
| lexicalization | epo: koŝmaro |
| lexicalization | epo: inkubo |
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| lexicalization | epo: sonĝaĉo |
| Estonian | |
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| lexicalization | est: košmaar |
| lexicalization | est: õudusunenägu |
| Basque | |
| has gloss | eus: Amesgaiztoa, amets arbintsu eta gogor bat da, ohi, bularraldearen zapaldura eta arnasa hartzeko zailtasunarekin (loaren paralisia). Amesgaiztoak, ohi, begi mugimendu azkar izeneko louneetan gertatzen dira, ingelesez REM bezala ezagutzen dena. |
| lexicalization | eus: amesgaizto |
| Persian | |
| has gloss | fas: کابوس یا کابوس شبانه، یکی از اختلالات خواب است که در دانش خواب شناسی یا روان شناسی خواب مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار میگیرد. کابوس یک رویای وحشتناک و ناخوشایند است که دستگاه عصبی شخص را تحریک میکند و در نتیجه شخص به طور ناخودآگاه به آن پاسخ عصبی میدهد. کابوس ریشه در رویدادهای روز گذشته یا جریانات زندگی شخص دارد و در بعضی موارد میتواند به فلج خواب بیانجامد. |
| lexicalization | fas: کابوس |
| Finnish | |
| has gloss | fin: Painajainen tarkoittaa unta, joka tulkitaan pahaksi tai ahdistavaksi. Painajaisia esiintyy normaalin unennäön yhteydessä. Painajainen kuvastaa usein ihmisen pelkoja; esimerkiksi hämähäkkejä pelkäävä voi joutua ahdistavien hämähäkkien piirittämäksi. Painajaisten pelottavuus ja ahdistavuus voi vaihdella suuresti. Lievimmillään painajainen saattaa olla joku voitettavissa tai ohitettavissa oleva vastoinkäyminen unitarinassa, pahimmillaan taas koko unimaailma on pelottava, ja unennäkijä tuntee itsensä avuttomaksi. Painajainen tuntuu hyvin aidolta ja siitä herätään usein hikisenä. |
| lexicalization | fin: Painajainen |
| lexicalization | fin: painajainen |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Le mot cauchemar est un terme générique utilisé de façon variable pour désigner des manifestations anxieuses et angoissantes survenant pendant le sommeil. Très riche par son étymologie, son histoire et ses croyances, le cauchemar sera abordé dans cet article de façon succincte afin de mieux cerner ses concepts. |
| lexicalization | fra: cauchemar |
| lexicalization | fra: mauvais rêve |
| Friulian | |
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| lexicalization | fur: čhalčhut |
| Gaelic | |
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| lexicalization | gla: mearan-cadail |
| lexicalization | gla: trom-laighe |
| Irish | |
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| lexicalization | gle: tromluí |
| Galician | |
| has gloss | glg: O pesadelo é unha parasomnia que ten lugar durante a fase REM (movementos oculares rápidos) do sono. |
| lexicalization | glg: Pesadelo |
| Gujarati | |
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| lexicalization | guj: દુઃસ્વપ્ન |
| Hawaiian | |
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| lexicalization | haw: moehewa |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: סיוט (מכונה גם חלום בלהות או ביעותי לילה) הוא חלום הגורם תחושה חזקה של אי-נעימות אצל החולם, בדרך כלל פחד או אימה, אך לפעמים גם תחושת נפילה, כאב, טביעה או מוות. |
| lexicalization | heb: סיוט |
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| lexicalization | heb: סִיּוּט |
| Hindi | |
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| lexicalization | hin: कुस्वप्न |
| lexicalization | hin: दुःस्वप्न |
| Hungarian | |
| lexicalization | hun: rémkép |
| Italian | |
| lexicalization | ita: incubo |
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| lexicalization | ita: brutto sogno |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 悪夢（あくむ）とは、眠る時に見る嫌な夢。もしくは、悪い夢のこと。また比喩表現として、この世のものとは思えない程の悲惨な光景のことを指す場合もある。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 悪夢 |
| Georgian | |
| has gloss | kat: კოშმარი არის სიზმარი, რომელიც იწვევს ძლიერ უსიამოვნო ემოციურ გამოხატულებას მძინარე პიროვნების მხრიდან — ძირითადად შიშსა და თავზარდაცემას, ექსტრემალურ ხიფათში ყოფნის განცდას, ტკივილის შეგრძნებას ან ვარდნის, ხრჩობისა და სიკვდილის გრძნობას. ასეთი სიზმრები შეიძლება დაკავშირებული იყოს ფიზიკურ მიზეზებთან, როგორიცაა მაღალი სიცხე, სახით ბალიშისაკენ მდგომარეობაში ძილი (ყველაზე ხშირი მიზეზი ხრჩობითი კოშმარებისა) ან შესაძლოა უკავშირდებოდეს ფსიქოლოგიურ მიზეზებს, როგორებიცაა მაგალითად ფსიქოლოგიური ტრავმა ან სტრესი, მაგრამ ასევე შეიძლება არ არსებობდეს ამ ყველაფრის აშკარა გამომწვევი მიზეზი. |
| lexicalization | kat: კოშმარი |
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| lexicalization | kat: მაჯლაჯუნა |
| Kurdish | |
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| lexicalization | kur: خهوی ناخۆش |
| Latvian | |
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| lexicalization | lav: murgi |
| Lithuanian | |
| has gloss | lit: Košmaras (, kilo nuo skandinavų mitologinio demono Maros) - nerimastingas sapnas, sukeliantis panikos, siaubo jausmą. |
| lexicalization | lit: Košmaras |
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| lexicalization | lit: košmaras |
| Ladin | |
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| lexicalization | lld: strassomech |
| lexicalization | lld: trota |
| Luyia | |
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| lexicalization | luy: liroro libi |
| Macedonian | |
| has gloss | mkd: Кошмар (фр. Cauchemar) е сон кој предизвикува моќна непријатна возбудлива реакција од страна на спијачот. Обично содржи страв или ужас, опасни ситуации, впечаток на болки, паѓање, итн. Кошмарите можат да бидат сврзени со физички поттик како на пр. грозница или стрес а и понекогаш се појавуваат без причина. |
| lexicalization | mkd: Кошмар |
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| lexicalization | mkd: кошмар |
| Mongolian | |
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| lexicalization | mon: аймшиг |
| Maori | |
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| lexicalization | mri: moenanu |
| lexicalization | mri: moepapa |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Een nachtmerrie is een droom met een bijzondere intensiteit en met een inhoud die als beangstigend wordt ervaren. Dit soort droom treedt gewoonlijk tijdens de REM-slaap op en kan van fysieke bewegingen vergezeld gaan. |
| lexicalization | nld: nachtmerrie |
| lexicalization | nld: oneirodynie |
| lexicalization | nld: angstdroom |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| lexicalization | nob: mareritt |
| Norwegian | |
| has gloss | nor: Mareritt er betegnelsen på en svært ubehagelig drøm. Første stavelse stammer fra folketrosvesenet mare, og det siste leddet (ritt) kommer av forestillingen om at mara setter seg over brystet og rider den som sover slik at vedkommende vrir seg i vonde drømmer. |
| lexicalization | nor: Mareritt |
| Occitan (post 1500) | |
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| lexicalization | oci: malajadilha |
| lexicalization | oci: cachavièlha |
| Ojibwa | |
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| lexicalization | oji: giiwanaadingwaam |
| lexicalization | oji: zegingwashi |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Koszmar senny (potocznie koszmar, dawniej koszemar, z fr. cauchemar – "mara łóżkowa") - marzenie senne o treści wywołującej u śniącego uczucie strachu. |
| lexicalization | pol: Koszmar senny |
| lexicalization | pol: koszmar |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: Pesadelo - é um sonho penoso com sensação de opressão torácica e dispnéia, terminando por um despertar sobressaltado ou agitado e com ansiedade. |
| lexicalization | por: Pesadelo |
| lexicalization | por: íncubo |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Кошма́р (от , однокоренного с Мара) — тревожный сон, вызывающий эмоции паники и страха. |
| lexicalization | rus: кошмар |
| Sanskrit | |
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| lexicalization | san: दुःस्वप्न |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: La pesadilla es un trastorno de sueño. Más específicamente, es una parasomnia relacionada con el sueño MOR. Consiste en que la persona que duerme tiene un sueño angustioso y tenaz, frecuentemente con sensación de opresión en el pecho y dificultad de respirar (ver parálisis del sueño). Las pesadillas tienen lugar durante períodos de sueño con movimientos oculares rápidos (la llamada fase MOR, también llamada fase o sueño REM, del inglés "Rapid Eye Movement"). Durante las mismas no existe movimiento del sujeto. Son más frecuentes entre los 4 y 12 años, y suelen disminuir según avanza la edad. |
| lexicalization | spa: pesadilla |
| Albanian | |
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| lexicalization | sqi: ankth |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: En mardröm är en obehaglig dröm. Ordet kommer från väsenet mara (jämför da. mareridt, no. mareritt, isl. martröð, eng. nightmare, ty. Nachtmahr, nl. nachtmerrie, fr. cauchemar), och betecknade ursprungligen sömnparalys. Först under de sista århundradena vidgades betydelsen till den ordet har idag. |
| lexicalization | swe: mardröm |
| Tamil | |
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| lexicalization | tam: அமுக்கி |
| Telugu | |
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| lexicalization | tel: (dusswapnam) |
| Tagalog | |
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| lexicalization | tgl: bangungot |
| Thai | |
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| lexicalization | tha: ฝันร้าย |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Kâbus en genel olarak uyurken kişiye güçlü bir duygusal rahatsızlık veren rüyalardır. Hayalet, canavar, cadı, vahşi hayvan gibi korku ve terör ögeleri içerebilirler. Acı çekme, düşme, boğulma ve ölme de sık rastlanan kâbuslardandır. Yüksek ateş gibi fizyolojik nedenlerden olabilecekleri gibi, kâbusu görenin hayatındaki beklenmedik bir stres ya da travma gibi psikolojik nedenleri de olabilir. Kimi zaman nedensiz yere görüldükleri de olabilir. Bazen kâbuslar o kadar etkili olur ki, uyuyan kişiyi halen yaşadığı duyguları taşır bir halde uyandırır, ve kişi uzun bir süre etkisinden kurtulamaz. |
| lexicalization | tur: Kabus |
| lexicalization | tur: kâbus |
| Urdu | |
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| lexicalization | urd: کسوپن |
| Vietnamese | |
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| lexicalization | vie: ác mộng |
| Yiddish | |
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| lexicalization | yid: בײַזער חלום |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 惡夢（也称为噩夢或夢魘）是指人在睡眠时做的令人感到恐惧的梦，有时伴有胸闷气短等难受的感觉。可以用来比喻现实世界中极其凄惨、可怕的情景。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 恶梦 |
| Links | |
|---|---|
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| similar | e/Nightmare |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Cauchemar 1.jpg |
| media:img | Ernst Barlach Der Alb.jpg |
| media:img | Johann Heinrich F%C3%BCssli 053.jpg |
| media:img | Johann Heinrich Füssli 014.jpg |
| media:img | Johann Heinrich Füssli 053.jpg |
| media:img | John Henry Fuseli - The Nightmare.JPG |
| media:img | Nachtmahr (Abildgaard).jpg |
| media:img | Saintfrancisborgia exorcism.jpg |
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