| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth mandibular bone, submaxilla, jowl, mandible, jawbone, mandibula, lower jaw, lower jawbone |
| has gloss | eng: The mandible (from Latin mandibula, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds; in this case the "lower mandible" corresponds to the mandible of humans while the "upper mandible" is functionally equivalent to the human maxilla but mainly consists of the premaxillary bones. Conversely, in bony fish for example, the mandible may be termed "lower maxilla". |
| has gloss | eng: The mandible is a bone found in vertebrates. The name comes from Latin mandibula. This can be translated as "jawbone". Sometimes it is also called inferior maxillary bone. Together with the maxilla, it is the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. |
| lexicalization | eng: jawbone |
| lexicalization | eng: jowl |
| lexicalization | eng: lower jawbone |
| lexicalization | eng: lower jaw |
| lexicalization | eng: Mandibles |
| lexicalization | eng: Mandible |
| lexicalization | eng: mandibular bone |
| lexicalization | eng: mandibula |
| lexicalization | eng: submaxilla |
| subclass of | (noun) a movable speech organ articulator |
| subclass of | (noun) the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth jaw |
| has subclass | (noun) a long thin lower jaw lantern jaw |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | |
| has gloss | aii: ܦܟܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܗܘ ܓܪܡܐ ܚܝܠܢܐ ܒܡܢܬܐ ܬܚܬܝܬܐ ܕܐܦ̈ܐ. ܫܢ̈ܐ ܬܚܬܝ̈ܐ ܡܣܟܟܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܦܟܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ܀ |
| lexicalization | aii: ܦܟܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ |
| Arabic | |
| has gloss | ara: عظم الفك السفلي هو أقوى وأكبر عظم في الوجه وهو أيضا العظم الوحيد المتحرك في الجمجمة. يتكون من جزئين يشكلان سويا زاوية قائمة. |
| lexicalization | ara: فك سفلي |
| Aragonese | |
| has gloss | arg: A variella u maxilar inferior ye un dos uesos da cara, plan, impar, central, simetrico y en forma de ferradura. Ye situato en a parti inferior y anterior da cara. A estomatolochía (u odontolochía) ye a especialidat que sencarga d'estudeyar a suya anatomía, estructura y procesos patolochicos. |
| lexicalization | arg: variella |
| Asturian | |
| lexicalization | ast: quexada |
| Bosnian | |
| has gloss | bos: Donja vilica (lat. mandibula) je jedina pokretna kost glave. Kod fetusa sastoji se od dvije kosti koje srastaju neposredno prije rođenja. Neposredno nakon rođenja donja vilica je manje razvijena nego gornja vilica ili druge kosti glave što kod roditelja može izazvati zabrinutost. |
| lexicalization | bos: Donja vilica |
| Bulgarian | |
| has gloss | bul: Долна челюст, мандибула (латински mandibula) е чифтна кост, подвижно съединена с черепа. Тя образува костната основа на устната кухина. Двете кости са съединени в предния си край посредством симфиза. |
| lexicalization | bul: Долна челюст |
| Catalan | |
| has gloss | cat: El maxil·lar inferior (o mandíbula) és un dels ossos de la cara, pla, imparell, central i simètric, en forma de ferradura. Està situat en la part inferior i anterior de la cara, constituint per si solament la mandíbula. Lestomatòleg (o odontòleg) és lespecialista encarregat d'estudiar la seva anatomia, estructura i processos patològics. |
| lexicalization | cat: Maxil·lar inferior |
| lexicalization | cat: Maxiŀlar inferior |
| lexicalization | cat: maxil·lar inferior |
| lexicalization | cat: maixella |
| Czech | |
| has gloss | ces: Dolní čelist (: mandibula) je jedinou pohyblivou kostí lebky. Se zbytkem lebky je spojena pomocí kloubů, jejichž hlavice (caput mandubulae) jsou součástí dolní čelisti, zatímco jejich jamky (fossa mandubularis a tuberculum articulare) jsou útvary spánkové kosti. Dolní čelist se původně zakládá jako párová kost, ale v průběhu druhého roku života srůstá do nepárové kosti. Na dolní čelisti rozlišujeme tělo (corpus mandibulae) a párové rameno (ramus mandibulae). Ramena dolní čelisti se spojují s tělem v tupém úhlu (120–125°). V místě úhlu angulus mandibulae je antropometrický bod gonion. |
| lexicalization | ces: sanice |
| lexicalization | ces: čelist |
| lexicalization | ces: dolní čelist |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ces: čelistní kost |
| lexicalization | ces: kusadlo |
| lexicalization | ces: spodní čelist |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexicalization | cmn: xià he |
| lexicalization | cmn: xià hé gu |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下頜骨 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下頜 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下颌骨 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下颌 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | cmn: xià e |
| lexicalization | cmn: xiǎo e |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下顎 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 下颚 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 小顎 |
| lexicalization | cmn: 小颚 |
| Danish | |
| lexicalization | dan: kæbe |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Der Unterkiefer oder die Kinnlade (lat. Mandibula, von mandere „kauen“) ist ein Knochen des Gesichtsschädels. Er ist bei Säugetieren der bewegliche der beiden Kieferknochen. |
| lexicalization | deu: Unterkiefer |
| lexicalization | deu: Unterkieferknochen |
| lexicalization | deu: Kiefer |
| lexicalization | deu: Kieferbogen |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | deu: Kinnbacken |
| lexicalization | deu: Mandibel |
| lexicalization | deu: Kieferknochen |
| lexicalization | deu: Hängebacke |
| Dhivehi | |
| lexicalization | div: ކަތުރު ކަށިގަނޑު |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| lexicalization | ell: κάτω γνάθος |
| Esperanto | |
| has gloss | epo: Mandiblo estas osto de la kapo, ĝi estas la malsupra parto de makzelo. Ĉe la insektoj, ĝi estas maĉa, kapta organo analoge al buŝo. |
| lexicalization | epo: makzelo |
| lexicalization | epo: Mandiblo |
| lexicalization | epo: mandiblo |
| Estonian | |
| lexicalization | est: alalõualuu |
| Persian | |
| lexicalization | fas: فک |
| Finnish | |
| lexicalization | fin: alaleuka |
| lexicalization | fin: leuka |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fin: leukaraaja |
| lexicalization | fin: leukaluu |
| lexicalization | fin: leuan |
| lexicalization | fin: alaleuanluu |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Chez lhomme, la mandibule est un os impair (anciennement os maxillaire inférieur), formant la mâchoire inférieure. Il se compose dun corps et de deux branches. |
| lexicalization | fra: mandibule |
| lexicalization | fra: mâchoire inférieure |
| lexicalization | fra: mâchoire |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fra: mandible |
| lexicalization | fra: babine |
| lexicalization | fra: bajoue |
| Western Frisian | |
| has gloss | fry: De ûndertsjeak of ûnderkaak, ûnderkake (yn Latyn: Mandibula) is de grutste en sterkste bonke fan it gesicht. It hâldt de ûndertosken op har plak en foarmet tegearre mei de boppetsjeak de tsjeak. It bestiet út in bûgd horizontaal part, en twa leadrjochte parten. |
| lexicalization | fry: Undertsjeak |
| lexicalization | fry: Ûndertsjeak |
| Gaelic | |
| has gloss | gla: Tha peirceall, carbad neo giall na roinn as ìsle na h-aghaidhe. Se aon den dà chnàmh a bhios a’ cumail na fiaclan. |
| lexicalization | gla: Peirceall |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | gla: peirceall |
| Galician | |
| has gloss | glg: A mandíbula é cada unha das pezas da boca, óseas no caso dos vertebrados e quitinosas ou córneas no caso doutros animais. Nos vertebrados o seu movemento é vertical, nos artrópodos e outros invertebrados é horizontal. En todos os animais as mandíbulas utilízanse para aprendeheren os alimentos e trituralos e tamén para se defenderen. |
| lexicalization | glg: mandíbula |
| Ancient Greek (to 1453) | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | grc: χηλή |
| Alemannic | |
| has gloss | gsw: Dr Underchiifer (lat. Mandibula, vo mandere „chäue“) isch e Chnoche vom Gsichtsschädel. Bi Süüger isch er dr bewegligi vo de beide Chiiferchnoche. |
| lexicalization | gsw: Dr Underchiifer bi de Wirbeldier |
| lexicalization | gsw: Unterkiefer |
| Serbo-Croatian | |
| has gloss | hbs: Donja vilica je najveća i najmasivnija kost lica, koja je preko viličnog zgloba povezana sa kostima lobanje. Zahvaljujući njenoj pokretljivosti, kao i zubima koji su usađeni u alveole i mastikatornim mišićima koji se ovde pripajaju i grupišu, donja vilica učestvuje u žvakanju, govoru, mimici i drugim značajnim funkcijama. Na njoj se opisuju: tijelo i dvije grane. |
| lexicalization | hbs: Donja vilica |
| Hebrew | |
| has gloss | heb: הלסת התחתונה (TA: Mandibula) היא העצם הגדולה והחזקה מבין עצמות הפנים. הלסת התחתונה ממוקמת בחלקה התחתון של הגולגולת ומהווה את בסיס חיבורן של השיניים התחתונות. הלסת מופרקת עם עצם הרקה דרך המפרק הלסתי רקתי (Articulatio temporomandibularis, TMJ) המאפשר את פעולות הלעיסה והדיבור. |
| lexicalization | heb: לסת תחתונה |
| Hindi | |
| lexicalization | hin: jabadA |
| Croatian | |
| lexicalization | hrv: Donja čeljust |
| lexicalization | hrv: čeljust |
| lexicalization | hrv: vilica |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hrv: donja čeljust |
| Hungarian | |
| has gloss | hun: Az állkapocscsont (mandibula) az arckoponya egyik csontja, mely az alsó fogívet hordozza. A koponya egyetlen mozgatható csontja, fő szerepe a rágásban van. Állatokban két külön csont, de emberben már csecsemőkorban összenő. |
| lexicalization | hun: Állkapocscsont |
| lexicalization | hun: állkapocs |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hun: állkapocscsont |
| lexicalization | hun: alsó állkapocs |
| Ido | |
| has gloss | ido: Mandibulo es la parto infra ek la du parti osta di la boko, qui suportas la denti, che l'animali vertebroza. |
| lexicalization | ido: Mandibulo |
| Indonesian | |
| lexicalization | ind: tulang rahang |
| lexicalization | ind: tulang rahang bawah |
| lexicalization | ind: rahang |
| Italian | |
| has gloss | ita: La mandibola è un osso impari dello splancnocranio; è lunico osso provvisto di unarticolazione mobile della faccia, ed è composta da un "corpo" e due "rami". |
| lexicalization | ita: mandibola |
| lexicalization | ita: maschella |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ita: mascella |
| Japanese | |
| has gloss | jpn: 下顎骨（かがくこつ、mandible bone）は下顎を形成する骨である。 |
| lexicalization | jpn: 下顎骨 |
| Georgian | |
| has gloss | kat: მანდიბულები (ლათ. Mandíbula ყბა), ფეხსახსრიანთა უმრავსელობის ყბების პირველი წყვილი. მანდიბულები კიდურების ერთ-ერთი წყვილის სახეცვლილებაა. საკვების თავისებურებათა შესაბამისად, მანდიბულების აგებულებაც უაღრესად მრავალგვარია და ზოგჯერ საკმაოდ რთული |
| lexicalization | kat: მანდიბულები |
| Korean | |
| has gloss | kor: 아래턱뼈또는 하악골(下顎骨, 또는 Inferior maxillary bone)은 머리뼈를 구성하는 뼈의 하나이다. 아래턱뼈는 턱의 아래를 구성하면서 아래 치아를 떠받치는 기능을 한다. |
| lexicalization | kor: 아래턱뼈 |
| lexicalization | kor: 아래턱 |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | kor: 하악골 |
| lexicalization | kor: 새의 부리 |
| lexicalization | kor: 하악 |
| lexicalization | kor: 목의 놀어진 살 |
| lexicalization | kor: 물고기의 대가리 |
| lexicalization | kor: 육수 |
| lexicalization | kor: 아래 턱뼈 |
| lexicalization | kor: 거흠 |
| Kurdish | |
| has gloss | kur: Lam, erzen, çene, kajû an jî lixafik, (bi latînî: mandibula) di laşkelêşiyê de pareyek ji hestiyên kiloxî ye. Kajû mezintirîn û peytirîn hestiyê dêm anko rûyî ye û bi rêya girêçika kajûya piştguhî bi serkiloxî ra dihêt vebestin. |
| lexicalization | kur: kajû |
| Latin | |
| has gloss | lat: Mandibula est os vultus hominum et aliorum animalium |
| lexicalization | lat: Mandibula |
| Latvian | |
| has gloss | lav: Apakšžoklis (Mandibula) ir nepāra, cilvēka galvaskausa sejas daļas kauls, tas ir vienīgais kustīgais kaulu savienojums galvaskausā. Apakšžokļa darbība ļauj cilvēkam sagremot barību. Apakžoklis ir arī masīvākais cilvēka galvaskausa sejas daļas kauls. Kaulam izšķir apakšžokļa ķermeni (corpus mandibulae) un 2 apakšžokļa zarus (ramus mandibulae). |
| lexicalization | lav: Apakšžoklis |
| Lithuanian | |
| has gloss | lit: Apatinis žandikaulis – kaukolės veidinės dalies stambusis, neporinis, neorinis kaulas. Jį sudaro kūnas ir dvi šakos. Kiekvienos šakos viršuje yra vainikinė ir sąnarinė ataugos. Sąnarinę ataugą sudaro apatinio žandikaulio galva bei kaklas. Kūno viršutiniame krašte yra šešiolika dantinių duobelių, kur įsitvirtina apatiniai dantys. |
| lexicalization | lit: Apatinis žandikaulis |
| Maori | |
| lexicalization | mri: wheua kauwae |
| lexicalization | mri: kauwae |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: De onderkaak of mandibula is het grootste en sterkste bot van het gezicht. Het houdt de ondertanden op zijn plaats. De onderkaak bestaat uit een gebogen, horizontaal gedeelte, en twee loodrechte gedeelten. |
| lexicalization | nld: mandibula |
| lexicalization | nld: onderkaak |
| lexicalization | nld: kaak |
| lexicalization | nld: kakement |
| lexicalization | nld: kaakbeen |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nld: kaaksbeen |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nob: underkjeve |
| Norwegian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nor: underkjeve |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Żuchwa (łac. mandibula) – ruchoma kość szkieletu czaszki człowieka i zwierząt – często błędnie nazywana szczęką (dolną). |
| lexicalization | pol: Żuchwa |
| lexicalization | pol: żuchwa |
| lexicalization | pol: szczęka |
| Portuguese | |
| has gloss | por: Nos vertebrados, a mandíbula é o componente móvel (se movimenta nos três planos: sagital, frontal e transversal) do crânio que forma a parte inferior da cabeça. Por vezes, usa-se erradamente a palavra maxila (por exemplo, maxila inferior, nos mamíferos) para designar a mandíbula. |
| lexicalization | por: Mandibula |
| lexicalization | por: mandíbula |
| lexicalization | por: maxila |
| lexicalization | por: queixada |
| Quechua | |
| has gloss | que: Kaklla tullu icha Waqu tullu (Mandibula) nisqaqa uma tullup uranpi kaq tullum, kakip ukhunpi kaq, khachunapaq. |
| lexicalization | que: K'aki tullu |
| Moldavian | |
| lexicalization | ron: falcă |
| lexicalization | ron: mandibulă |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Нижняя челюсть — непарная костная структура, образующая нижний отдел лицевого черепа. |
| lexicalization | rus: челюсть |
| lexicalization | rus: Нижняя челюсть |
| Slovak | |
| has gloss | slk: lat. mandibula |
| lexicalization | slk: Sánka |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | slk: čeľusť |
| lexicalization | slk: zobák |
| lexicalization | slk: sánka |
| lexicalization | slk: lalok |
| Slovenian | |
| has gloss | slv: Spodnja čeljustnica je največja kost obraznega dela lobanje in edina premična kost glave. Sprednji del je telo (corpus), ki je podkvaste oblike. V čeljustnem kotu (angulus mandibulae) prehaja na vsaki strani v čejustno vejo (ramus mandibulae). |
| lexicalization | slv: Spodnja čeljustnica |
| Castilian | |
| has gloss | spa: La mandíbula (denominado anteriormente maxilar inferior) es un hueso de la cara, plano, impar, central y simétrico, en forma de herradura, situado en la parte inferior y anterior de la cara. El estomatólogo (u odontólogo) es el especialista encargado de estudiar su anatomía, estructura y procesos patológicos. |
| lexicalization | spa: Mandibula |
| lexicalization | spa: Mandíbula |
| lexicalization | spa: quijada |
| lexicalization | spa: mandíbula |
| Albanian | |
| has gloss | sqi: Nofulla (nga Latinishtja mandibula - “kockë e nofullës“) është asht jopalë i cili artikulohet me kafkën, dhe që bën pjesë në grupin e eshtrave të kafkës, gjegjësisht fytyrës. Ndërtimi i nofullës Tek nofulla e poshtme dallojmë trupin dhe dy degë.Trupi paraqet zgjatimet dhëmbore bashkë me gropat ku janë të vendosura rrënjët e dhëmbëve. |
| lexicalization | sqi: Nofulla e poshtme |
| Serbian | |
| has gloss | srp: Доња вилица је највећа и најмасивнија кост лица, која је преко виличног зглоба повезана са костима лобање. Захваљујући њеној покретљивости, као и зубима који су усађени у алвеоле и мастикаторним мишићима који се овде припајају и групишу, доња вилица учествује у жвакању, говору, мимици и другим значајним функцијама. На њој се описују: тијело и двије гране. |
| lexicalization | srp: Доња вилица |
| Swedish | |
| lexicalization | swe: käke |
| lexicalization | swe: underkäke |
| Tamil | |
| has gloss | tam: தாடையெலும்பு மண்டையோட்டைச் சேர்ந்த எலும்பு ஆகும். இதுவும், முக எலும்பும் சேர்ந்து முகத்திலுள்ள மிகப்பெரியதும், மிகப் பலமுள்ளதுமான எலும்பை உருவாக்குகின்றன. இது முகத்தில் கீழ்த் தாடையை உருவாக்குவதுடன், கீழ் வரிசைப் பற்களையும் தாங்கியுள்ளது. |
| lexicalization | tam: தாடையெலும்பு |
| Telugu | |
| has gloss | tel: మానవుని శిరస్సులో కపాలంతో సంధించబడి ఉండే దవడ ఎముకను హనువు (Mandible) అంటారు. |
| lexicalization | tel: హనువు |
| Tagalog | |
| has gloss | tgl: Ang pang-ibabang panga o mababang panga o mandibula o mandibulo (mula sa wikang Latin: mandibūla, na nangangahulugang "butong pampanga"; sa wikang Ingles: mandible) ay, kasama ng maxilla, ang pinakamalaki at pinakamatigas na buto ng mukha. Binubuo nito ang pang-ibabang bahagi ng panga at tumatangan sa mga pang-ibabang mga ngipin. |
| lexicalization | tgl: Pang-ibabang panga |
| lexicalization | tgl: Pangibabang panga |
| Thai | |
| lexicalization | tha: กระดูกขากรรไกรล่าง |
| lexicalization | tha: ขากรรไกร |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Mandibula Alt çene kemiği olarak bilinir. Kafatasındaki oynar ekleme sahiptir. Şakak kemiği(os temporale)ne bağlanır. Vertebra(omurlar)larda olduğu gibi burada da bir discus articularis denilen kıkırdak yapıda disk bulunur. Evrimsel anlamda insandan evcil memeli hayvanlara doğru gidildikçe mandibula oranla uzar. Hatta carnivor (etçil) dışındaki hayvanlarda diastema(margo interalveolaris) denilen dişsiz bir bölüm vardır. |
| lexicalization | tur: Mandibula |
| lexicalization | tur: çene kemiði |
| lexicalization | tur: çene |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tur: gýdýk |
| Ukrainian | |
| has gloss | ukr: Нижньощелепна кістка ( mandibula) — кістка лицевого черепа. Єдина рухлива кістка черепа. Складається із тіла та двох гілок, сполучених з тілом під кутом 110-130°. Основа тіла масивна. По середній лінії видно звернений вентрально підборідочний виступ, який є характерною властивістю черепа людини. На гілках розташовані альвеоли зубів. Гілки щелепи спрямовуються краніально і закінчуються двома відростками: переднім - вінцевим і заднім - суглобовим, розділеними вирізкою. До вінцевого приєднується скроневий мяз, на другому розташована суглобова голівка скронево-нижньощелепного суглобу. Збоку до суглобового відростка приєднується крилоподібний мяз. |
| lexicalization | ukr: Нижньощелепна кістка |
| lexicalization | ukr: щелепа |
| Urdu | |
| lexicalization | urd: جبڑہ |
| Chinese | |
| has gloss | zho: 下頜骨（拉丁文：Mandibula）又稱下顎骨，是最大，最強的顏面骨，也是顱骨中唯一的可動骨。 |
| lexicalization | zho: 下颌骨 |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Gray176.png |
| media:img | Gray177.png |
| media:img | Human jawbone front.jpg |
| media:img | Human jawbone left.jpg |
| media:img | Human jawbone num.JPG |
| media:img | Human skull side bones numbered.svg |
| media:img | Illu facial bones.jpg |
| media:img | Mandbular fractures.png |
| media:img | Mandible bone.png |
| media:img | Mandibola.png |
| media:img | Mandibula lateral.png |
| media:img | Mandibule 2.png |
| media:img | Mandibule.jpg |
| media:img | Mandibule.png |
| media:img | Mandibule2.jpg |
| media:img | Panoramicfilm.JPG |
| media:img | Rotation mandible bone.gif |
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