| Information | |
|---|---|
| has gloss | (noun) a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount earl |
| has gloss | eng: An Earl or Jarl was an Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian title, meaning "chieftain" and it referred especially to chieftains set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it got out of use in the Middle Ages, whereas, in Britain, it became synonymous with the continental count. |
| has gloss | eng: Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning "chieftain" and referring especially to chieftains set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke (hertig/hertug); in later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to duke, while in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). |
| lexicalization | eng: Earl |
| subclass of | (noun) a nobleman (duke or marquis or earl or viscount or baron) who is a member of the British peerage peer |
| Note: 4 other subclass(es) ommited in the following list | |
| has subclass | c/Anglo-Saxon earls |
| has subclass | c/British earls |
| has subclass | c/Earls and ealdormen of East Anglia |
| has subclass | c/Earls and ealdormen of York |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Jacobite peerage |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Peerage of England |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Peerage of Ireland |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Peerage of Scotland |
| has subclass | c/Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Abercorn |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Argyll |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Arran |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Cornwall |
| has subclass | c/Earls of East Anglia |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Hereford |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Herefordshire |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Kendal |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Mercia |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Norfolk |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Orkney |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Poher |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Ross |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Vannes |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Warwick |
| has subclass | c/Earls of Worcester |
| has subclass | c/Earls of the United Kingdom |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Buchan |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Carrick |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Fife |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Lennox |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Menteith |
| has subclass | c/Earls or mormaers of Strathearn |
| has subclass | c/Fictional earls |
| has subclass | c/Norwegian earls |
| has subclass | c/Pre-peerage earls or mormaers of Scotland |
| has subclass | e/Earl of Arundel |
| has subclass | e/Earl of Wessex |
| has subclass | c/simple/Earls and countesses |
| has subclass | c/simple/Scottish Earls |
| has instance | (noun) an English nobleman who led the baronial rebellion against Henry III (1208-1265) Simon de Montfort, Montfort, Earl of Leicester |
| has instance | e/Earl of Buchan |
| Meaning | |
|---|---|
| Old English (ca. 450-1100) | |
| lexicalization | ang: eorl |
| Catalan | |
| lexicalization | cat: comte |
| Czech | |
| lexicalization | ces: Earl |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ces: hrabě |
| Mandarin Chinese | |
| lexicalization | cmn: bó jue |
| lexicalization | cmn: 伯爵 |
| Danish | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | dan: greve |
| German | |
| has gloss | deu: Earl (br. [], am. []) ist ein britischer Adelstitel, der dem deutschen Graf entspricht. Seine kontinentaleuropäische Entsprechung ist Count. Die weibliche Form ist "Countess". |
| lexicalization | deu: Earl |
| lexicalization | deu: Graf |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ell: κόμης |
| Esperanto | |
| lexicalization | epo: grafo |
| Basque | |
| lexicalization | eus: konde |
| Finnish | |
| lexicalization | fin: jaarli |
| French | |
| has gloss | fra: Earl est un titre nobiliaire adopté en Angleterre depuis la conquête du roi danois Knud, répondant au Jarl scandinave, équivalent au titre français de comte. Il vient après celui de marquis. Ce titre désignait d'abord les gouverneurs de shires ou comtés. |
| lexicalization | fra: Earl |
| lexicalization | fra: comte |
| Old French (842-ca. 1400) | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | fro: comte |
| Gaelic | |
| lexicalization | gla: iarla |
| Galician | |
| lexicalization | glg: conde |
| Serbo-Croatian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hbs: grof |
| lexicalization | hbs: гроф |
| Croatian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hrv: grof |
| Hungarian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hun: gróf |
| Armenian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | hye: կոմս |
| Indonesian | |
| lexicalization | ind: gelar bangsawan |
| Icelandic | |
| has gloss | isl: Jarl er aðalstitill sem á uppruna sinn á Norðurlöndum. Upphaflega var jarl þar æðsti titill aðalsmanns og var yfirleitt aðeins um einn eða tvo jarla að ræða samtímis. Menn voru einkum skipaðir jarlar af þremur ástæðum: þeir voru landstjórar með vald konungs í nýlendum eins og yfir Orkneyjum (Eyjajarlar) eða yfir Íslandi (Gissur jarl), þeir fóru með vald konungs heima fyrir ef konungur var ekki orðinn myndugur eða ef hann var veikur eða fjarverandi (Hákon galinn), börn konungs sem ekki erfðu krúnuna fengu þennan titil í sárabætur og eins krónprinsar og aðrir meðlimir konungsfjölskyldunnar. Titillinn var því að mörgu leyti sambærilegur við hertogatitil eða embætti varakonungs í Evrópu. 1237 fékk Skúli Bárðarson titilinn „hertogi“ og í það lagður sá skilningur að hann stæði jörlunum ofar. Hákon háleggur var líka hertogi áður en hann varð kóngur. |
| lexicalization | isl: jarl |
| Italian | |
| lexicalization | ita: conte |
| Japanese | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | jpn: 伯爵 |
| lexicalization | jpn: はく |
| lexicalization | jpn: 伯 |
| lexicalization | jpn: haku |
| Georgian | |
| has gloss | kat: ერლი (ინგლ.: Earl) არის ბრიტანული არისტოკრატიული ტიტული, რომელიც გრაფის ტიტულს შეესაბამება. |
| lexicalization | kat: ერლი |
| lexicalization | kat: გრაფი |
| Latin | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | lat: comes |
| Lithuanian | |
| has gloss | lit: Erlas - trečias pagal lygį D. Britanijos perų titulas, žemesnis už markizą, bet aukštesnis už vikontą. Atitinka žemyninės Europos grafą. |
| lexicalization | lit: erlas |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | lit: grafas |
| Macedonian | |
| lexicalization | mkd: ерл |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | mkd: гроф |
| Maori | |
| lexicalization | mri: eara |
| Dutch | |
| has gloss | nld: Earl is een Engelse adellijke titel van dezelfde rang als het Nederlandse graaf. De titel is afgeleid van de Angelsaksische en Scandinavische titel Jarl. Een jarl was een gekozen hoofdman, b.v. van een rooftocht. In de praktijk was dat vaak een rijk man die de middelen had de expeditie voor een groot deel te financieren. In de latere middeleeuwen werd het een erfelijke titel, te vergelijken met graaf (Noorwegen, Denemarken en Engeland) of hertog (Zweden). |
| lexicalization | nld: earl |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nld: graaf |
| Norwegian Bokmål | |
| lexicalization | nob: jarl |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nob: greve |
| Norwegian | |
| lexicalization | nor: jarl |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | nor: greve |
| Polish | |
| has gloss | pol: Earl – najstarszy i pierwotnie najwyższy brytyjski tytuł feudalny, następnie arystokratyczny. Samo słowo wywodzi się ze skandynawskiego jarl (pierwotnie znaczyło to po prostu człowiek możny, potężny, bogaty, później było tytułem wodzów drużyny zbrojnej, namiestników królewskich, zarządców prowincji. W XIII wieku w Szwecji był to tytuł najwyższego urzędnika państwa). Encyclopædia Britannica wywodzi ten tytuł również od starofrancuskiego eorl, oznaczającego szlachcica, wojownika. Wprowadzony w Anglii w XI w. po najeździe duńskim w miejsce wcześniej używanego tytułu Ealdormana. |
| lexicalization | pol: earl |
| Portuguese | |
| lexicalization | por: conde |
| Moldavian | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ron: conte |
| Russian | |
| has gloss | rus: Эрл (, ) — титул высшей аристократии англосаксонской Британии в XI веке, возникший под влиянием датского завоевания Англии. Эрлы быстро превратились в узкий слой родовой наследственной знати скандинавского или англосаксонского происхождения и составили высший слой английского общества. В результате нормандского завоевания англосаксонская знать была ликвидирована, однако титул эрла сохранился и стал использоваться в Англии вместо континентального титула «граф». |
| lexicalization | rus: эрл |
| Slovak | |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | slk: knieža |
| lexicalization | slk: gróf |
| Castilian | |
| lexicalization | spa: conde |
| Swedish | |
| has gloss | swe: Earl är en brittisk ämbets- och sedermera adelstitel. I rang motsvarar titeln den kontinentala titeln greve (eng. count) och en kvinnlig innehavare av titeln eller en maka till en earl tituleras countess (grevinna). Ordet har samma språkliga ursprung som den medeltida svenska titeln jarl. Earl-värdigheten ärvs (i förekommande fall) genom primogenitur, det vill säga den äldste sonen eller äldste manlige (normalt) släkting ärver titeln till skillnad från bruket i till exempel Sverige nuförtiden. En earl omnämns och tilltalas ofta som Lord med tillägg av titulaturnamnet, till exempel Lord Grey (earl Grey) eller Lord Essex (earl of Essex). |
| lexicalization | swe: earl |
| lexicalization | swe: engelsk greve |
| lexicalization | swe: greve |
| Tagalog | |
| has gloss | tgl: Ang erl (mula sa Ingles na earl) ay isang opisyal ng pamahalaan na may mas mataas na antas kaysa isang biskonde. Subalit mas mababa ang ranggo o katungkulan nito kaysa isang markis. Orihinal na nangangahulugan ito bilang isang "pinuno ng tribo", kaya't maihahambing sa katayuang panlipunan ng datu, sultan, lakan, raha, at ibang pang kapantay na katawagan para sa pinunong may ganitong antas. |
| lexicalization | tgl: Erl |
| Thai | |
| has gloss | tha: เอิร์ล เป็นตำแหน่งแองโกล-แซ็กซอน และ “jarl” ของสแกนดิเนเวียที่แปลว่า “chieftain” หรือหัวหน้าเผ่าและหมายถึงโดยเฉพาะหัวหน้าเผ่าที่ทำหน้าที่ปกครองตามที่มอบหมายโดยพระมหากษัตริย์ ในสแกนดิเนเวียตำแหน่งนี้เลิกใช้กันไปในยุคกลางและมาแทนที่ด้วยดยุค (hertig/hertug) ในปลายยุคกลางของบริเตนตำแหน่งนี้เทียบเท่ากับเคานท์ที่ใช้กันบนแผ่นดินใหญ่ยุโรป (ก่อนหน้านั้นมีฐานะใกล้เคียงกับดยุค) ในสกอตแลนด์มีความหมายใกล้เคียงกับ “mormaer” |
| lexicalization | tha: เอิร์ล |
| lexicalization | tha: ท่านเอิร์ล |
| Turkish | |
| has gloss | tur: Earl (eski Norveççede Jarl), konta denk bir İngiliz asalet unvanı. |
| lexicalization | tur: Earl |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | tur: kont |
| Ukrainian | |
| has gloss | ukr: Ерл — титул вищої аристократії англосаксонської Британії в ХІ столітті, що виник під впливом данського завоювання Англії. Ерли швидко перетворились у вузький шар родової спадкової знаті скандинавського або англосаксонського походження та склали вищий стан англійського суспільства. У результаті нормандського завоювання англосаксонська знать була ліквідована, та титул ерла зберігся і почав використовуватись в Англії замість континентального «граф». |
| lexicalization | ukr: ерл |
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| lexicalization | ukr: граф |
| Links | |
|---|---|
| Show unreliable ▼ | |
| similar | e/Earl |
| Media | |
|---|---|
| media:img | Earl Coronet.svg |
| media:img | Earl coronation robes.jpg |
| media:img | Earls Procession to Parliament.jpg |
| media:img | EarlsK.jpg |
| media:img | Earlscrown1.JPG |
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